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Encyclopedia Of Hydrocarbons Eni Pdf To Jpg

The biogenic gas play was for several decades the prime focus of Italian E&P efforts throughout the Adriatic area but is now mature, and significant additional discoveries are unlikely to be made without a breakthrough in DHI (direct hydrocarbon indicator) technology. Note: Citations are based on reference standards. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. The specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher, classroom teacher, institution or organization should be applied. • Nominated for 2011 Eni International award in ‘New Frontiers of Hydrocarbons’. • Member, International Advisory Board, Encyclopedia of Sensors, American Scientific Publishers (2005). And water vapor to hydrocarbon fuels, O.K. Paulose, T.J. La Tempa and C.A. Grimes, Nano Lett., 9, 731-737.

(Redirected from Eni S.p.A)
Eni S.p.A.
Listed
Traded asBIT: ENI
NYSE: E
FTSE MIB Component
ISINIT0003132476
IndustryOil and gas
FoundedFebruary 10, 1953; 66 years ago
Headquarters,
Area served
Worldwide
Emma Marcegaglia [it] (Chairman)
Claudio Descalzi (CEO)
ProductsPetroleum
Natural gas
Petroleum products
Energy
Revenue€76.938 billion (2018)[1]
€9.983 billion (2018)[1]
€4.126 billion (2018)[1]
Total assets €118.373 billion (2018)[1]
Total equity €51.016 billion (2018)[1]
Number of employees
30,950 (2018)[1]
SubsidiariesEni Gas & Power, Saipem, Syndial, EniProgetti, Versalis
Websitewww.eni.com

Eni S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɛːni]) is an Italian multinational oil and gas company headquartered in Rome. Considered one of the global supermajors, it has operations in 79 countries, and is currently world's 11th largest industrial company with a market capitalization of 68 billioneuros (US$ 90 billion), as of August 14, 2013.[2] The Italian government owns a 30.303% golden share in the company, 3.934% held through the state Treasury and 26.369% held through the Cassa Depositi e Prestiti. Another 2.012% of the shares are held by the People's Bank of China.[3] The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50stock market index.[4]

The name 'ENI' was initially the acronym of 'Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi' (National Hydrocarbons Authority). Through the years after its foundation however, it operated in a large number of fields including contracting, nuclear power, energy, mining, chemicals and plastics, refining/extraction and distribution machinery, hospitality industry and even textile industry and news.

Eni constantly ranks among the top 100 on Fortune Global 500 list for largest companies by revenue. In 2016, the company holds the 65th place, a fall of 40 places from the previous year's 25th rank.[5]

In terms of share capitalisation (the market value of shares), Eni is ranked eighth in comparison with the principal companies operating in the same sector: Exxon, Shell, Chevron, Total, BP, ConocoPhillips, Equinor, Anadarko, Apache and Marathon Oil.[6]

  • 1History
  • 3Operations
    • 3.2Gas and power
  • 7Corporate structure
  • 9References

Emmanuel Eni Pdf

History[edit]

1950s–1960s[edit]

Palazzo ENI, Rome, built 1959-1962.[7] Photo by Paolo Monti, 1967.

Eni was founded and established by law in 1953 from an existing company, Agip, which was created in 1926 with the aim to explore for oilfields, acquire and commercialize oil and derivatives.[8][9] In March 1953, Enrico Mattei was nominated Eni's Chairman.[10][11]

Eni originally was an acronym for the company's full title Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (National Hydrocarbons Authority).[12] After 1995, the meaning ceased to be relevant but the name was maintained.[13]In 1952[clarification needed] Eni adopted its logo, a six-legged dog, an imaginary animal symbolizing the sum of a car's four wheels and the two legs of its driver.[14][15]

Starting in 1954, Eni acquired extensive exploration rights in North Africa, signing an agreement with the Egyptian government led by Nasser while providing an active and equal role for the crude producing countries through the establishment of joint ventures.[12][16][17]In 1957 Eni pushed for a similar agreement, known as the 'Mattei formula',[18][19] to be signed with Persian Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the National Iranian Oil Company.[20][21][22]In 1960, during the Cold War period, Eni signed an agreement with the Soviet Union for the importation of Russian crude at low prices.[23][24]

On 27 October 1962, Enrico Mattei's airplane mysteriously exploded near Bascapè, on his way to Milan from Catania.[25][26] His death was initially considered an accident, but later it was confirmed to be a murder with the aim to protect and hide important economical and political interests in Italy and especially abroad, as it is clearly stated in the records of the trial on the assassination of the journalist Mauro De Mauro, who was investigating on the death of Enrico Mattei.[27]

During the following years, Eni signed joint venture contracts with foreign companies to supply crude from Egypt to Iran and from Libya to Tunisia.[28]In 1963, Eni acquired a majority stake in Italgas.[29]

1970s–1980s[edit]

In October 1973 after the Yom Kippur War and the OPEC embargo[30][31] against the United States and the Netherlands by OPEC members and Arab countries, a serious his oil crisis occurred,[32] causing Eni to consolidate its position in the international market by signing an agreement with Sonatrach,[33] the Algerian state oil entity for natural gas supply.[34]

In 1974 Eni signed an agreement with the Libyan government, followed by additional agreements with Egypt, Nigeria and Tunisia.[35][36][37][38]

During the mid-1970s, Eni planned a major infrastructure for transporting natural gas over long distances, by building a pipeline network of thousands of miles throughout Europe and the Mediterranean.[39][40][41]

After the inauguration of the Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline connecting Algeria to Sicily through Tunisia,[42] Eni signs a new agreement with Libya for the exploitation of Boùri,[43] the biggest oilfield in the centre of the Mediterranean,[44] and develops its international role within the oil industry.[45]

1990s–2000s[edit]

In 1992 Eni became a joint stock company by Law Decree,[46][47][48][49][50] and was listed to the Italian and New York Stock Exchange in 1995.[51][52][53]

From 1995 to 1998 Eni put four share offers fully successfully, as 70% of its capital assets were sold to private shareholders.[54][55][56]

As the price of oil collapsed in 1998 as other major companies Eni got to turn into a race through merges, international acquisitions, new explorations and the foundation of real super-companies.[57][58][59]

2000s–2010s[edit]

Since 2000, Eni has been developing the Kashagan[60] oilfield a major offshore discovery, along the Caspian Sea.[61][62]

In 2005 the Blue Stream pipeline projected to supply gas from southern Russia to Turkey was inaugurated as a joint venture between Eni and Gazprom.[63][64][65]

In 2007 Eni signed an agreement to conduct South Stream a feasibility study with Gazprom to import Russian gas into Europe across the Black Sea.[66][67][68]

Activist asset manager Knight Vinke, who owns 1% of the outstanding shares of the company, begun pressuring Eni's management to operate a spin-off of Eni's gas activities.In its opinion this would solve the undervaluation of the company and release up to 50 billion euros ($70bn) of hidden value.[69]

In 2010 Eni achieves key production milestone in Iraqi Zubair oil field.[70][71][72]

After getting a licence in 2006 for the exploration of an offshore area in the north of Mozambique, known as Area 4,[73][74][75] Eni announced several major natural gas discoveries between 2011 and 2012 such as Mamba South,[76][77][78][79][80][81]Mamba North,[82][83]Mamba North East,[84][85][86][87] Coral 1.[88][89][90][91]

2010 to present[edit]

In February 2014, ENI discovered oil at its DRC offshore block.[92]

Since 2012 Eni has been selling off refining and marketing assets it owned in eastern Europe in order to increase profitability. By 2013 Eni already reduced its refining capacity by 13 percent. In May 2014 Eni agreed to sell their 32.5% share in Česká rafinerská a.s. (CRC), a refining company in Czech Republic, to MOL Group of Hungary.[93]

In June 2014 the company signed an agreement with Sasol to acquire a 40% interest in a permit to explore 82,000-km2 offshore of South Africa's east coast.[94]

In January 2015, Eni in collaboration with Vitol Energy signed a $7 billion contract with the government of Ghana. This agreement was reached in order to produce oil and gas at Cape Three Points in the Western Region of Ghana, in an attempt to enable Ghana to meet its power and energy needs.

In August 2015 Eni announced the discovery of a huge gasfield off the coast of Egypt.[95]

In July 2017, the oil giant accepted responsibility for an oil spill affecting the Fylde coast of Blackpool in the United Kingdom.[96]

In March 2018, Eni reached an agreement with MIT to fund fusion research projects run out of the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC)’s newly created Laboratory for Innovation in Fusion Technologies (LIFT). The expected investment in these research projects will amount to about $2 million over the following years.[97]

Financial data[edit]

Financial data in € billions[98]
Year20132014201520162017
Revenue116.107110.94868.94556.69370.9807
Net Income4.9720.850-7.127-1.0443.430
Assets138.088146.207134.792124.545114.928
Employees82,28984,40529,05333,53632,934

Operations[edit]

Eni Oil Bouri DP4 in Bouri Field is the biggest platform in the Mediterranean Sea

Exploration and production[edit]

As exploration and reserve replacement being major drivers for the company,[99] Eni boosts for production additions in its core oil field areas (North and Sub-Saharan Africa,[100][101][102][103]Venezuela,[104][105]Barents Sea,[106][107]Yamal Peninsula,[108][109]Kazakhstan,[110][111]Iraq[112] and the Far East).[113][114] Eni has about 130 exploration and production subsidiaries,[115] such as Eni Norge.[116]

In 2012 Eni reported liquids and gas production for the full year of 1,701 kboe/d, this being calculated assuming a natural gas conversion factor to barrel equivalent, updated to 5,492 cubic feet of gas equal 1 barrel of oil from July 1, 2012.[99][117]

During 2012 60 new exploratory wells were drilled, as 56 were drilled in 2011 and 47 in 2010. The overall commercial success rate was 40% (40.8% net to Eni) as compared to 42% in 2011 (38.6% net to Eni) and 41% in 2010 (39% net to Eni). In 2012 351 development wells were drilled as well, as 407 in 2011 and 399 in 2010.[118][119][120]

Gas and power[edit]

Natural gas[edit]

In 2012, sales of natural gas were 95.32 bcm, down 1.44 bcm compared to 2011.[121][122][123]

Eni's power generation sites are located in Ferrera Erbognone, Ravenna, Livorno, Taranto, Mantova, Brindisi, Ferrara and Bolgiano.[124][125] In 2012, Eni's power generation was 25.67 TWh.[126][127]
Overall Eni supplies 2,600 customers including large companies, power generation companies, wholesalers and distributors of natural gas for automotive use. Residential users are 7.45 million and include households, professionals, small and medium size enterprises, and public bodies located all over Italy and 2.09 million customers in European Countries. International sales include Iberian Peninsula, Germany, Austria, Benelux, Hungary, UK/Northern Europe, Turkey, France markets.[128][129][130][131][132]

Power generation[edit]

Eni's electricity generation sites in Italy, as of January 2010, are the following:[133]

Natural gas power plants
  • Brindisi – 1321 MW
  • Ferrara – 61 MW
  • Ferrera Erbognone – 1030 MW
  • Livorno – 199 MW
  • Mantua – 836 MW
  • Ravenna – 972 MW
  • Taranto – 300 MW
Photovoltaic power plants
  • Nettuno – 30 MW

Refining and marketing[edit]

Encyclopedia Of Hydrocarbons Eni Pdf To Jpg File

Eni is the leader operator in refining and marketing of petroleum products in Italy.[134][135]
Eni is engaged in retail and wholesales activities in Central-Eastern European countries also (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Czech Republic, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Hungary).[136][137][138][139]
Retail sales operations are conducted under the Eni and Agip brands. The re-branding of Eni's service stations in Italy and in the rest of Europe to Eni brand is underway.[134][140][141]

Engineering and construction[edit]

Eni operates in engineering, construction and drilling both offshore and onshore for the oil&gas industry through the subsidiary Saipem.[142]

In April 2012, Eni in collaboration with ZEiTECS announced the world's first offshore rigless/wireline retrievable ESP system for Eni Congo.[143]

Subsidiaries[edit]

Eni's principal subsidiaries include:

  • Eni Gas & Power[144] (100% owned) – a natural gas and power company based in Belgium formed by merger of Distrigas and Nuon Belgium
  • Versalis (100% owned) – Versalis is a chemical company that manages the production and marketing of petrochemical products such as olefines, aromatics and intermediates (base chemicals), styrenes, elastomers and polyethylene, plus in recent years a focus on green chemistry, being also able to count on a range of proprietary technologies, advanced plant facilities and a broad-based distribution network.[citation needed]
  • Saipem (30,54% owned) – Saipem is an oil and gas industry contractor. Saipem has contracted for engineering, oilfield services and construction both offshore and onshore through several pipelines, including Blue Stream, Greenstream, Nord Stream and South Stream. It is a subsidiary listed on the Italian Stock Exchange.
  • Eni UK – carries out operations in the British section of the North Sea, in the Irish Sea and off the coast of the Shetland Islands. Has been present in UK since 1964. In 2006 Eni UK's average net production of hydrocarbons was more than 141,000 boe/d.[145]
  • Eni India – is expected to start drilling at a deepwater block 2, near Andaman and Nicobar Islands in Q2 of 2011 as it has received 2-year extension for the completion of drilling program. The program was delayed due to various environmental issues and scarcity of oil rigs. ENI India had won this block in 2005 and partners with ONGC and GAIL India.[146]

Legal problems[edit]

https://luckyveri.netlify.app/optitex-96-rapidsharedownload-free-software-programs-online.html. The Central Energy Italian Gas Holding scandal in 2005 involved Eni and Gazprom.[147]

In 2009, the European Commission filed formal antitrust charges against Eni. The commission believes that Eni has conspired to keep competitors from using its gas pipelines.[148]

In 2009 again, according to the WikiLeaks cables, US ambassador Lanier told Washington that bribery allegations were made in Uganda by Eni which at the time was in competition for oil assets in the country against Tullow Oil. The bribes were taken by the newly appointed Ugandan prime minister, Amama Mbabazi.[149]

After corruption charges against the subsidiary Saipem, Eni's CFO Alessandro Bernini had to resign and the new CFO Massimo Mondazzi took over in December 2012.[150]

Eni and Royal Dutch Shell will stand trial in Italy over allegations of corruption in the 2011 purchase of a big offshore oil field in Nigeria known as OPL 245. Eni and Shell reportedly paid $1.3 billion in bribes.[151]

Sustainability[edit]

Jordan Engel has listed the company among the top-100 companies killing the planet; these are the companies responsible for the 100 biggest contributions to Global Warming, responsible for more than 70% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions since 1988.[152]

Eni has been included into the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index since 2007.[153][154][155][156]

In 2012 Eni is confirmed on the FTSE4Good Index for the sixth consecutive year.[157][158][159]

In 2012 Eni is also included in the Carbon Performance Leadership Index[160][161] and is the only FTSE MIB company to gain the triple E for Standard Ethics.[162]

During 2012, Eni decreased CO2 emission that resulted from flaring by 10% as compared to 2011.[163][164]

In 2013 Eni has been confirmed in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices and, in the half-yearly review in March 2014, also in the FTSE4 good sustainability index.[165][166]

In 2013 Eni continued its commitment to integrated reporting, preparing the Annual Report 2013 in accordance with the principles and contents of the integrated reporting (IR) framework issued by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC).[167][168]

Among the UN Sustainable Development Solution Network (SDSN), in 2013 Eni led the Energy For All in Sub-Saharan Africa initiative through international collaborations aimed at devising solutions to fight against energy poverty, in particular in Sub-Saharan Africa.[169][170]

Print Packing Slip Contact Name Phone Fax Email Company Name Address line 1 Address line 2 City, State, Zip MRO Sales Rep Tag#(s) Quantity Fault Description Standard Rush Warranty Model: PT482-5M-6/18-B379 Keywords: PT482-5M-6/18-B379, DYNISCO, PT4825M618B379DYNISCO, PT4825M618B379, PT482, B379 Manufacturer: DYNISCO Vendor Number: PT482-5M-6/18-B379 Product Code: PT482-5M-6/18-B379 Repair Price: $367 Description: PRESSURE TRANSDUCER 104:0. Dynisco pt 482 manual muscle diagram. Upon arrival all units are inspected for visual damage such as burned or corroded components, traces.

In 2013 Eni's commitment continued in ensuring access of local communities to energy, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.[171]

In the first half of 2014 Eni achieved the start-up of the Porto Torres green chemistry plant and the Venice biorefinery.[172][173]

Eni has been ranked as the 11th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights in the Arctic.[174]

Corporate structure[edit]

Board of Directors[edit]

The Board of Directors is comprised as follows as of January 2019:
Emma Marcegaglia, Chairman of Eni S.p.a.
Claudio Descalzi, current CEO of Eni
Andrea Gemma, law professor at Roma Tre University
Pietro Guindani, former CEO and CFO of Vodafone Italy
Karina Litvack, former Director of Ethics and Corporate Governance for F&C Asset Management
Alessandro Lorenzi, former Vice President of Planning and Control at Ferrero SpA, former CFO of Coin Group, former CCO for Lavazza
Diva Moriani, current CEO of KME Vorstand
Fabrizio Pagani, current Secretary of Technology for Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy), former OECD senior advisor and head of G8/G20 office
Domenico Livio Trombone

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  110. ^Amarsys. 'Kazakhstan: Eni sees Kashagan to produce 75,000 barrels a day in first month'. energy-pedia.com.
  111. ^Eni Releases 2013-2016 Strategic PlanArchived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine
  112. ^IraqArchived 2013-08-26 at the Wayback Machine
  113. ^'- Eni: awarded East Sepinggan block in.. - Europétrole'. euro-petrole.com.
  114. ^OGJ editors. 'Eni sees 4%/year output rise through 2016'. ogj.com.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
  115. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-25.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
  116. ^'Eni Norge'. eninorge.com.
  117. ^'Oil and gas production'. eni.com.
  118. ^'Drilling'. eni.com.
  119. ^'Exploration and Development'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2013-06-10.
  120. ^Annual report 2012Archived 2015-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
  121. ^'Gas & Power'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-30.
  122. ^'Previous Year's Results'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2013-07-28.
  123. ^'History and development of the Company'. nyse.com. Archived from the original on 2013-08-13.
  124. ^'Sannazzaro Refinery - Hydrocarbons Technology'. hydrocarbons-technology.com.
  125. ^'Eni SpA (E) Company Profile - Reuters.com'. reuters.com.
  126. ^'Power Generation'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-31.
  127. ^'Power'. eni.com.
  128. ^'Sales of natural gas'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-31.
  129. ^'Eni'. mercuriurval.com.
  130. ^'Eni to Begin Trading Under Own Name in Belgium'. naturalgaseurope.com.
  131. ^'Eni Aims for 500,000 Customers in France Under Own Brand'. naturalgaseurope.com.
  132. ^'Eni Acquires Belgian Gas Company'. LNG World News.
  133. ^'Gas & Power'. Eni. 2011-11-29. Archived from the original on 2012-06-30. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
  134. ^ ab'Refining & Marketing'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2012-01-26.
  135. ^'The Italian Gas Market: Challenges and Opportunities'(PDF).
  136. ^'Marketing of refined products'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-31.
  137. ^'Eni will sell gas on the French retail market under its own brand'. enerdata.net.
  138. ^'Eni enters the retail natural gas market in France'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2012-11-06.
  139. ^'Eni will operate on the Belgian retail market under its own brand'. enerdata.net.
  140. ^'Eni announces results for the third quarter and the nine months of 2012'. akbizmag.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  141. ^'Petrol World - Magazine'(PDF). petrolworld.com.
  142. ^'Engineering & Construction'. Eni. Archived from the original on 2012-06-26. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
  143. ^'Eni and ZEiTECS Install Eni Congo's First Rigless Retrievable ESP System'. BrightWire. Archived from the original on 2012-09-05.
  144. ^'Eni Elektriciteit Aardgas Electricité Gaz Naturel'. eni.be. Archived from the original on 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2019-04-23.
  145. ^'Eni starts production at the Blane oil field offshore UK'. Milan: Eni. 2007-09-12. Archived from the original on 2012-01-14. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
  146. ^'ENI India to start drilling in Q2 of 2011'. The Economic Times. Kolkata. 2010-10-26. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
  147. ^The Putin and Pals ProjectArchived 2013-11-07 at the Wayback Machine. Kommersant. Dec. 24, 2005
  148. ^EU hits Italian energy group ENI with antitrust charges Archived 2009-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
  149. ^'Uganda names bribes-claim minister new PM'. Reuters. 2011-05-24.
  150. ^Bond Market Debut for New Eni CFO MondazziArchived 2013-01-19 at the Wayback MachineCFO Insight Magazine, January 2013
  151. ^'Oil deal corruption trial in Italy is 'wake-up call for industry'. The Guardian. 4 March 2018.
  152. ^'The Decolonial Atlas - Names and Locations of the Top 100 People Killing the Planet'. 27 April 2019.
  153. ^'13 September 2012 - Eni confirmed in the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012.
  154. ^Sustainability Index, Annual review 2012Archived 2013-05-30 at the Wayback Machine
  155. ^4-traders (13 September 2012). 'Eni SpA : Eni confirmed in Dow Jones Sustainability World Index'. 4-traders.com.
  156. ^'Eni confirmed in Dow Jones Sustainability World Index'. This is Italy. Archived from the original on 2015-10-06. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
  157. ^'17 September 2012 – Eni confirmed in the FTSE4Good Index'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012.
  158. ^Country classificationin FTSE Global benchmarksArchived February 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  159. ^4-traders (17 October 2012). 'Eni SpA : Eni confirmed in the FTSE4Good Index'. 4-traders.com.
  160. ^'12 September 2012 – Eni enters Cdp's Carbon Performance Leadership Index (CPLI)'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.
  161. ^CDP climate performance scoresArchived 2013-04-04 at the Wayback Machine
  162. ^'STOCK EXCHANGE: STANDARD ETHICS, ENI IS THE ONLY COMPANY IN THE FTSE MIB WITH A TRIPLE E'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-02.
  163. ^'Climate Change'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2013-08-07.
  164. ^Fact Book 2012Archived 2014-08-17 at the Wayback Machine
  165. ^Eni - Sustainability IndicesArchived 2014-08-17 at the Wayback Machine
  166. ^'The sustainability in Eni'. eni.com. 2019-01-28.
  167. ^'Eni S.p.A. Annual Report 2013 - Welcome'. eni.com.
  168. ^'Business Model'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2014-08-16.
  169. ^'Partnerships for Sustainable Energy'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2014-08-16.
  170. ^'Eni for 2013'. eni.com.
  171. ^'Sustainable Development Solutions Network'. unsdsn.org.
  172. ^'Green Refinery Project'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2014-08-16.
  173. ^'Matrìca: Porto Torres inaugurates new green chemistry complex'. eni.com. Archived from the original on 2014-08-12.
  174. ^Overland, Indra (2016). 'Ranking Oil, Gas and Mining Companies on Indigenous Rights in the Arctic'. ResearchGate. Arran. Retrieved 2 August 2018.

Sources[edit]

  • 'Gov't signs $7billion oil and gas agreement to produce 1100 megawatts power'(PDF). myjoyonline.com. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
  • 'Gov't signs $7billion oil and gas agreement to produce 1100 megawatts power'. energymin.gov.gh. Retrieved February 3, 2015.

Bibliography[edit]

  • (in English) Marcello Boldrini, Mattei, Rome, Colombo, 1969
  • (in Italian) Marcello Colitti, Energia e sviluppo in Italia, Bari, De Donato, 1979
  • (in English) Paul H. Frankel, Oil and Power Policy, New York - Washington, Praeger, 1966
  • (in English)Pier Paolo Pasolini, Petrolio, various
  • (in Italian)Nico Perrone, Enrico Mattei, Bologna, Il mulino, 2001 ISBN88-15-07913-0

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eni.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eni&oldid=912601122'

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the Anglo-Saxon monarch, see Eni of EastAnglia.
ENI S.p.A.
TypePublic (NYSE: E, BIT: ENI)
Founded10 February 1953
HeadquartersRome,Italy
Area servedWorldwide
Key peopleRoberto Poli (Chairman of the board), Paolo Scaroni(CEO)
IndustryPetroleum industry
ProductsOil and natural gasexploration, production, refining and marketing, electricity generation, oil andgas engineering andconstruction
Revenue€108.9 billion(2008)[1]
Operatingincome
Profit
Employees78,880 (2008)[1]
SubsidiariesAGI, Distrigas, Italgas, Polimeri Europa, Saipem (43%), Snam Rete Gas (50%), Syndial,
Websitewww.eni.it

Eni S.p.A. (NYSE: E, BIT: ENI) is an Italian multinational oil and gas company, present in70 countries, and currently Italy's largest industrial company witha market capitalization of € 87.7billioneuros (US$138 billion), as of July 24, 2008.[2] TheItalian Government owns a 30% golden share in the company: 20% heldthrough the state Treasuryand 10% held through the Cassadepositi e prestiti.

  • 1History
    • 1.1Start and theearly post-war years
    • 1.2The '50s and '60s
    • 1.3The '70s/'80s
  • 2Current operations
    • 2.1Exploration andproduction
    • 2.4Engineering andconstruction
  • 7External links

History

Start and the earlypost-war years

The 1920/'30s - Italy Launches an Oil and GasPolicy

Incorporation of Agip.Exploration begun in Italy and foreign ventures initiated (Romania,Albania, Iraq). Exploration proceeds inside Italy and the Agipdistribution network is created. After World War 2, Enrico Mattei isappointed Special Administrator to close down Agip but subsequentthe discovery of the Caviaga gas field in the Po Valley, theprocess to liquidate Agip is halted.

The '50sand '60s

Incorporation Of Eni and Expansion Of Activities InItaly and Abroad

Despite initial postwar plans to break-up the Agip company,Agip's administrator Enrico Mattei converted it to a statemonopoly, renamed Eni. The name derives from the initials of thecompany's original full title Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi, but is nolonger used as an acronym. The Italian Government authorized itsestablishment on February 10, 1953 in order to implement a nationalenergy strategy based on the concentration of all the activities inthe energy sector into one group. Eni was to supply energy to Italyand contribute to the country's industrial development.

Eni broke the monopoly of the major oil companies by introducinga new contractual formula with the producer countries. Thisformula, which is first applied in Egypt and Iran, enabled Eni toshare in the profits of oil and gas development. Discovery of thefirst European offshore gas field under the Adriatic Sea nearRavenna and discovery of the 'El Borma' field in Tunisia, one ofthe largest reservoirs in Africa.

The head of Eni, Mattei, a center left politician, had developedcooperation with communist countries, and the import of oil fromthe Soviet Union became an important part of Eni's operations. Atthe same time, Eni was involved in a series of high profilepolitical corruption scandals.

The'70s/'80s

Gas as a Solution to the Oil Crisis and the Algerian GasPipeline

Eni identifies natural gas as an energy source that can meet thecrisis resulting from the first oil embargo. Agreements signed toimport gas from the Soviet Union and the Netherlands. Using a new'gravity' platform Agip discovers and then brings into productionthe 'Loango' field in offshore Congo. Agip drills to a record depthof 5,500 meters at the Malossa field (near Milan) and discovers anew reservoir. The first remote controlled platform is installed byAgip in the 'Perla' field, offshore Sicily.

Snam inaugurates the Transmediterranean pipeline, transportinggas from the Hassi-R-Mel field in Algeria to the Po Valley. Themore than 2,500 km-long gas pipeline starts in the Algerian desert,crosses Tunisia, the Sicilian Channel (at a water depth of over 650metres) and proceeds through Sicily and up the length of the entireItalian peninsula. A new record in offshore drilling at sea-depthsof over 800 metres is established with the discovery of a new fieldin the Otranto Channel. Onshore, a new record is achieved with thediscovery of the 'Villafortuna' reservoir at a depth of 6,000metres near Novara in Northern Italy. The new SWACS system, usingacoustic signals to operate underwater production valves, is putinto operation.

The '90s

Eni becomes a joint stock company

From being a public corporation Eni is now transformed into ajoint stock company, as most of Eni's Share capital is put on themarket in four successive public issues.
Agip's international activities expand with new acquisitions inAlgeria, China, Angola, the North Sea and Egypt, while newagreements are signed with Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and for theNigerian and Angolan deep water offshore. The 'Aquila' deepwaterfield (Otranto Channel) is brought into production. Eniincorporates Agip, thus becoming directly an oil and gasproducer.
Eni's daily oil and gas production reaches 1 million barrels of oil equivalent.

Currentoperations

Exploration andproduction

Eni operates in the exploration and production of hydrocarbonsin Italy, North Africa, West Africa, the North Sea, the Gulf ofMexico and Australia. It also operates in areas with greatexploration and production potential such as the Caspian Sea, theMiddle and Far East, India and Alaska.

Its crude oil production comes primarily from Libya, Egypt,Nigeria, the Congo, the North Sea, and Angola, with smaller amountsof crude oil production in Tunisia and in the United States. Eni'sChina production began in 1992, although it currently amounts toonly 1 percent of Eni's total crude oil production.

Encyclopedia Of Hydrocarbons Eni Pdf To Jpg

In 2007, oil and natural gas production for the full yearaveraged 1.74 millions boe per day, making EniEurope's third largest refiner, after Royal Dutch Shell and Total S.A.

Estimated net proved reserves at December 31, 2007 were 6.37billions boe determined based on a year-end Brent price of $96.02per barrel. The amount of proved reserves comprised 30% ofquantities of the three equity accounted Russian companies (SeverEnergia) purchased aspart of a bid procedure for assets of bankrupt Yukos and participated by Eni with a 60%interest, considering that it is probable that Gazprom will exercise a call option to acquirea 51% interest in these companies.

Eni carried out several hydrocarbon discoveries in recent years;the main discoveries were made in: Angola, Brazil, Congo, Egypt,Indonesia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Scotland, the Gulf of Mexicoand Alaska. In 2007, a total of 81 new exploratory wells weredrilled (43.5 of which represented Eni's share). Moreover, thecompany acquired oil and gas assets in the Gulf of Mexico from DominionResources and in onshore Congo from Maurel & Prom withtotal expenditures amounting to €4.52 billion.

Gas

Eni operates in the supply, transport, distribution and sale ofnatural gas. Gas sales reached 99 billion cubic meters in 2007. InJune 2008 the company bought a 57% stake in Distrigas, a Belgian company that suppliesnatural gas to industries, resellers and electricity producers.[3] InMarch 2009 it bought the remaining 43%. As of June 30, 2009Distrigas is a fully owned subsidiary of Eni.[4]

Power

Eni's electricity generation sites in Italy, as of January 2010,are the following:

  • Brindisi - 1321 MW
  • Ferrara - 61 MW
  • FerreraErbognone - 1030 MW
  • Livorno - 199 MW
  • Mantova - 836 MW
  • Ravenna - 972 MW
  • Taranto - 300 MW
  • Nettuno - 30 MW

Engineering andconstruction

Eni operates in engineering, oilfield services and constructionboth offshore and onshore through Saipem, a subsidiary listed on the Italian StockExchange (Eni's interest is 43%).

Controversies

The Central Energy ItalianGas Holding scandal in 2005 involved Eni, Gazprom and Silvio Berlusconi.[5]

In 2009, the European Commission filed formal antitrust chargesagainst Eni. The commission believes that Eni has conspired to keepcompetitors from using its gas pipelines.[6]

Subsidiaries

Encyclopedia Of Hydrocarbons Eni Pdf To Jpg Converter

  • AGI (100% owned) - Agenzia GiornalisticaItalia (Italian Journalist Agency) is one of the main Italiannews agencies.
  • Distrigas (100%owned) - a natural gas company based in Belgium
  • Italgas (100% owned) - Italgas is a gas utilitythat supplies gas to industries and households in approximately1500 municipalities. Sold to Snam Rete Gas in February 2009
  • Polimeri Europa (100% owned) - Polimeri Europa is a petrochemical company thatmanages the production and marketing of petrochemical products suchas olefines, aromatics andintermediates (base chemicals) , styrenes, elastomers and polyethylene, being also able to count ona range of proprietary technologies, advanced plant facilities anda broad-based distribution network.
  • Saipem (43% owned) - Saipem is an oil and gas industry contractor.Saipem has contracted for designing and constructing severalpipelines, including Blue Stream, Greenstream, Nord Stream and South Stream.
  • Snam Rete Gas (50% owned) - Snam Rete Gas (BIT: SRG) owns Italy's largestnatural gas pipeline system and is the only LNG operator in Italy.

Notes

  1. ^ abcd'Annual Report 2008'.Eni. http://www.eni.it/en_IT/attachments/publications/reports/reports-2009/AnnualReport2008.pdf. Retrieved2009-07-04.
  2. ^'Complete Financial Data onthe Security ENI - Borsa Italiana'. http://www.borsaitaliana.it/bitApp/daticompleti.bit?target=azioni&isin=IT0003132476&lang=en. Retrieved2008-07-25.
  3. ^'Publigas, Eni reachagreement on Distrigas sale'. http://www.forbes.com/afxnewslimited/feeds/afx/2008/06/26/afx5155914.html. Retrieved2008-07-25.
  4. ^'Eni completes theacquisition of Distrigas'. Eni. May 6, 2009. http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2009/05/2009-05-06-distrigas.shtml. Retrieved 7 January2010.
  5. ^The Putin and PalsProject. Kommersant. Dec. 24, 2005
  6. ^EU hits Italian energy groupENI with antitrust charges

Encyclopedia Of Hydrocarbons Eni Pdf To Jpg Online

Bibliography

  • (en) Marcello Boldrini, Mattei, Rome, Colombo,1969
  • (it) Marcello Colitti, Energia e sviluppo in Italia,Bari, De Donato, 1979
  • (en) Paul H. Frankel, Oil and Power Policy, New York -Washington, Praeger, 1966
  • (en) Pier Paolo Pasolini,Petrolio, various
  • (it) NicoPerrone, Enrico Mattei, Bologna, Il mulino, 2001 ISBN8-81507-913-0

Prueba Eni Pdf

Externallinks

Encyclopedia Of Hydrocarbons Eni Pdf To Jpg

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